Coast Guard Operates The Most Common DGPS Correction Service

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the US. Department of Defense. GPS was basically meant for military applications, but in the 1980s, the government made the unit accessible for civilian use. GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. There are no subscription fees or setup charges to utilize GPS.

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How it works

GPS satellites circle the earth two times a day in a very precise orbit and transmit signal information to earth. GPS receivers take this info and utilize triangulation to calculate the user's exact location. Essentially, the GPS receiver compares the time a signal was transmitted by a satellite with the time it was received. The time variation tells the GPS receiver how far away the satellite is. Now, with distance measurements from a couple of more satellites, the receiver can determine the user's position and display it on the unit's electronic map.

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GPS navigation Displays

A GPS receiver has to be locked on to the signal of at least three satellites to calculate a 2D position (latitude and longitude) and track movement. With four or more satellites in view, the recipient can figure out the user's 3D position (latitude, longitude and altitude). Once the user's position has been figured out, the GPS system can calculate other information, for example speed, bearing, track, trip distance, distance to destination, sunrise and sunset time and much more.

How accurate is GPS?

Today's GPS receivers are extremely accurate, thanks to their parallel multi-channel style. Certain atmospheric aspects and other sources of error can affect the accuracy of GPS receivers. GPS receivers are accurate to within 15 meters on average.

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GPS Signals

GPS recipients with WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System) capability can improve accuracy to around three meters on average. No additional equipment or fees are needed to take advantage of WAAS. Users may also get better accuracy with Differential GPS (DGPS), which corrects GPS signals to within an average of three to five meters. The U.S. Coast Guard operates the most common DGPS correction service. This system includes a network of towers that receive GPS signals and transmit a corrected signal by beacon transmitters. To get the corrected signal, users must have a differential beacon receiver and beacon antenna along with their GPS.

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Satellite Diagram

The GPS satellite unit

The 24 satellites that make up the GPS space segment are orbiting the earth about 12,000 miles above us. They are constantly moving, making two full orbits in less than 24 hours. These satellites are travelling at speeds of about 7,000 miles an hour.

GPS satellites / GPS navigatsia are powered by solar energy. They have backup batteries onboard to keep them running during a solar eclipse, when there's no solar power. Tiny rocket boosters on each satellite keep them flying in the correct path.

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Here are some other interesting details about the GPS satellites (also called NAVSTAR, the official U.S. Department of Defense name for GPS):

The initial GPS satellite was launched in 1978.

A full constellation of 24 satellites was achieved in 1994.

Each satellite is built to last around 10 years. Replacements are constantly being built and released into orbit.

A GPS satellite weighs approximately 2,000 pounds and is about 17 feet across with the solar panels extended.

Transmitter power is only 50 watts or less.

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